Bahan kimia yang membahayakan didalam kosmetik

Buat kaum hawa termasuk saya tentu tidak asing lagi menggunakan berbagai macam kosmetik untuk menyempurnakan penampilan. Tapi nampaknya kita sering mengabaikan kenyataan bahwa banyak jenis kosmetik yang sebenarnya mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya yang jika kita gunakan dalam jangka pendek atau panjang akan sangat berisiko tinggi. berikut ini daftar kosmetik dan bahan kimia yang terkandung didalamnya yang saya kutip dari sebuah sumber.

1. Shampo
Jumlah bahan kimia: 15
Yang paling mengkhawatirkan : sodium lauryl sulphate, tetrasodium dan propylene glycol
Risiko: iritasi kulit, dan kerusakan pada mata

2. Hairspray
Jumlah bahan kimia : 11
Yang paling mengkhawatirkan : octinoxate, isophthalates
Risiko : iritasi mata, mengganggu keseimbangan hormon dan perubahan struktur sel

3. Perona mata (eyeshadow)
Jumlah bahan kimia: 26
Yang paling mengkhawatirkan : polythylene thrphthalate
Risiko : kemandulan, kanker, dan menggangu keseimbangan hormon

4. Perona pipi (Blush on)
Jumlah bahan kimia: 16
Yang paling mengkhawatirkan: ethylparaben, methylparapen, prophylparaben
Risiko: iritasi dan menggangu keseimbangan hormon

5. Perona bibir (lipstik)
Jumlah bahan kimia: 33
Yang paling mengkhawatirkan : polymenthyl methacrylate
Risiko: alergi dan kanker

6. Alas bedak (foundation)
Jumlah bahan kimia: 24
Yang paling mengkhawatirkan: polymenthyl methacrylate
Risiko: menurunkan sistem imunitas, alergi dan kanker

7. Deodorant
Jumlah bahan kimia: 15
Yang paling mengkhawatirkan : isoprophyl myristate
Risiko: iritasi kulit, sakit kepala dan masalah pernafasan

8. Body Lotion
Jumlah bahan kimia: 32
Yang paling mengkhawatirkan: ethylparaben, methylparapen, prophylparaben, polyethylene glycol (yang juga bahan pada pembersih lantai)
Risiko: iritasi kulit dan mengganggi keseimbangan hormon

9. Parfum
Jumlah bahan kimia: 250
Yang paling mengkhawatirkan: benzaldehyde
Risiko: kerusakan ginjal dan iritasi pada mata, tenggorokan dan mulut

10. Pewarna kuku (kuteks)
Jumlah bahan kimia: 31
Yang paling mengkhawatirkan : phthlates
Risiko: kemandulan dan masalah pada kehamilan.

So, saran saya perhatikanlah bahan-bahan kimia yang terkandung pada kosmetik yang anda gunakan agar tidak terjadi hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan dikemudian hari. :-)

lower farmer keeps roots in Taiwan

Chen Liang-bin never imagined that booming demand for his anthuriums -- also called flamingo flowers -- could bring him headaches.

Customers in China want to sharply increase orders to 3 million a year -- 300 times the total number of orders last year, said Chen, chief of a floriculture production and marketing group in Neimen Township in southern Taiwan's Kaohsiung County.

lower farmer keeps roots in Taiwan


"The demand from China is really too much, " said Chen, who has planted anthuriums in Neimen -- Taiwan's largest plantation zone for the flowers -- for 11 years. "We cannot simply cut our supply to Japan in order to meet the growing Chinese demand -- at least not for now."

Anthuriums rank second on Taiwan's cut flower export list, following orchids. Japanese like to use them for a traditional type of flower arrangement, and have made Taiwan the top source of anthurium imports to Japan.

As of the end of September, anthurium production in Neimen reached 2 million, already surpassing its full-year production in 2009.

Thailand's Outstanding Orchids


Thailand's Outstanding Orchids
Thailand's Outstanding Orchids .I once went to buy flowers for an ailing aunt, a Khunying who happened to favour things Thai. I asked for orchids, but the shop only had long-stemmed red roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, gladioli and other imported flowers. "Thai flowers are not so long-lasting as the imported ones," the florist said, oblivious of the fact that some of her flowers were already starting to wilt. "And most people who come to buy in this shop wouldn't dream of giving only local flowers."



ROYAL VISIT: HRH Princess Srirasm and HRH Prince Dhipankara Rasmijoti were escorted by Bilaibhan Sampatisiri, left, and Sanhapit Bodiratnangkura, right, chairperson and secretarial director, respectively, of the Nai Lert Park Hotel Co Ltd, at the opening of the 24th Annual Flower Show at the Swissotel Nai Lert Park Bangkok.

It was when I was leaving that she said orchids were krajok, a derogatory word for low class, without taste, or dirt cheap. For all I know, she could have meant me!


To be fair, a basket of imported flowers won't burn a hole in one's pocket, but I knew my aunt would appreciate home-grown orchids better than imported carnations. When I asked for orchids I was not exactly thinking of the ubiquitous Madame Pompadour or other common Dendrobium varieties. I was thinking along the lines of vandas and cattleyas, alone or in combination with other flowers, yet the florist did not understand this.

Autumn decor you'll fall for

Fall is the season of rich colours: deep russets and golds, brilliant oranges and yellows, aged reds, mossy greens and neutrals from wheat to dark brown.

It's Mother Nature's spectacular finale before winter's icy whites, greys and blues take over the palette.


Take inspiration from this earthy array to make your entry warm and inviting. It can be as easy as a pot of perky mums or a grapevine wreath to an elaborate display of cornstalks, pumpkins and potted kale.

Three local experts give tips on making a striking first impression.

"Grapevine wreaths are really popular," said Sandy Matthews, co-owner of Burke Flowers. Bittersweet branches, miniature gourds, sprays of silk maple and oak leaves or wheat can be added. "The sprays of leaves weather well and are great for outdoors." She cautions not to place them against a light-coloured door because the dye may stain the door when it's wet.

Indian corn is another favourite, with its multi-hued kernels. Tied with a bow, they make a great door accent.

Beside the door, containers of mums, kale or asters add colour. Dress them up with tiny pumpkins, gourds, wheat and leaves. The little pumpkins can be added to table or mantel arrangements, too. "We sell a ton of them," Matthews said.

Sunflowers are also popular in wreaths and arrangements.

New pot plant varieties

Alocasia
'Loco’ from Deroose Plants features foliage that curls and crinkles along the edges. Durable and low maintenance, this variety is long lasting.


Aloe




‘Delta Lights’ is a new hybrid from Rancho Tissue Technologies. Created by breeder Kelly Griffin exclusively for the company, this variety appeals to a broad audience with its unique zigzag foliage pattern. Plants, which will fill in an 8-inch pot, are suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. It is hardy to USDA Hardiness Zones 8-11.


Anthurium
‘Zing’ from the Oglesby Plants International’s breeding program is a breakthrough for a large flowering anthurium as it is both heat and disease tolerant under South Florida conditions. Brilliant red flowers contrast perfectly above glossy green foliage. Flowers are long-lasting and the color is vivid even during warm summer temperatures. Recommended for 6- to 10-inch containers.



Asplenium
‘Crissie’ is a dramatic bird’s nest fern with a natural bowl shape and full, beautiful, crested fronds from Oglesby Plants International. It grows more vigorously than other Asplenium varieties ‘Crissie’ is an easy to care for shade patio or interior plant and is recommended for 6- to 8-inch containers.


Azalea
Aris Horticultural Services has introduced two new florist-quality varieties.

Rozalea Dark Pink produces 3-inch, deep-pink, rose-petal-shaped flowers. It has excellent keeping quality and a long shelf life. Emblem has 3-inch semi-double lavender flowers and excellent keeping quality. Both varieties can be used for indoor use or as a patio accent and they produce abundant, colorful blossoms that last up to six weeks.


Begonia
Gryphon is part of the PanAmerican Seed Fantastic Foliage series. This Begonia x hybrida produces showy silver-green foliage that gives it a tropical appearance. The seed-produced variety fits into existing begonia plug culture.
Plants in the Begonia hiemalis Dragone series from Dummen USA bloom about two weeks earlier than other hiemalis begonias. The large, double flowers are set off well from the dark-green foliage. Varieties include: Champagne, Pink Hope, White Blush, Sunset and Dusty Rose.


Calla (Zantedeschia)
Golden State Bulb Growers added five new varieties to its Callafornia Calla series. All are easy to grow and have sturdy stems.

‘Crystal Clear’ is a productive bloomer with pure-white flowers that do not blush at maturity. It is a versatile variety with plain green leaves that is well suited to small- or medium-sized pots, landscape and cut flower use.

‘Grape Velvet’ is a profuse bloomer with purple flowers lightly fringed in white that gracefully age to deep rose. It’s naturally compact with plain green leaves and well suited to small- or medium-size pots as well as garden use.

‘Acapulco Gold’ has clear golden-yellow flowers with medium-large, well-formed cups on long stems. This robust variety has maculated leaves and is well suited to cut flower, large pots and landscape use.

‘Night Cap’ has dark-purple to black flowers that gracefully age to burgundy. It has plain green leaves and is well suited for small- or medium-sized pots, in the landscape and cut flower use.

‘Moon Shadow’ is a profuse bloomer that renders tricolor flowers in rose, white and purple. It has plain-green leaves and is well suited to small- or medium-size pots and landscape use.


Honey DurangoChrysanthemum
Syngenta Flowers has introduced three new Yoder Mums.

Honey Durango is the latest addition to the popular Durango family. With its excellent fall color, plants have good stem strength, foliage, flowering uniformity and shelf life. Honey Durango mums make a great eye catcher in combinations within the family.

Golden Emporia is good for spring, summer or fall sales. The plant is uniform and dependable, featuring smooth, golden spoon-type daisy flowers.

Cinnamon Pueblo has enticing orange daisy flowers and dark-green eyes. Large, sturdy flowers crown the strong, full plant make this a good choice for fall sales.


Cyclamen
Morel Diffusion is offering Halios Blush Mix. Plants produce 50 percent purple and 50 percent magenta flowers. The dominant color is white with a light hue. Temperature influences the intensity of the color. Plants grown at 61°F-68°F have a more intense flower color. The compact plants have silver foliage.

Syngenta Flowers/Goldsmith Seeds has released several new varieties.

Midori Purple Flame and Wine Flame are fragrant miniature plants that have a compact habit and refined foliage suitable for early season sales. Plants size up nicely at a 6- to 8-inch height whether in 2½- or 4½-inch pots.

Canto Jewel Mix is an intermediate cyclamen that features a tightly mounded, round habit that reaches 9 to 11 inches high with excellent shelf life. The wide variety of colors makes it ideal for seasonal assortments. It also performs well in the landscape.

Laser Synchro features nine (Pink, Pink Flame, Purple, Purple Flame, Salmon, Scarlet, White, Wine and Wine Flame) of the most uniform, well-matched colors of this intermediate series. It maintains a high seed quality that produces 10- to 12-inch tall plants loaded with long-lasting flowers. The series’ heat tolerance helps with early fall and late spring sales.

Pink and Wine Red Flame are part of the standard Concerto series. Plants produce 12- to 14-inch tall plants with huge flowers that provide a florist-quality look. These varieties grow easily at cooler temperatures for a late season finish.

Light Purple, Pink and Purple Flame join the Rainier series. The uniform, standard-size plants produce huge flowers that are suitable for 6½- to 8-inch pots. These cyclamen plants thrive inside or outside at cooler temperatures for a late-season finish.

The Winter Ice series adds Rose and Scarlet. Plants in this series have wide, silvery bands edging each leaf. They produce thick stems and large flowers, growing 12 to 14 inches tall. Plants are suitable for container growth under winter conditions.


Dianthus
SuperTrouper Butterfly Dark Red from Selecta brings a brilliant bicolor contrast to this pot carnation series. Also new are Pink evol. and Light Pink evol. which are improved for habit. There are a total of 17 colors, all scented and hardy to USDA Hardiness Zone 6. They have a medium vigor, are well branching and fill 4- to 5-inch pots easily. Plants perform outdoors in the garden, but can also be used as an indoor flowering pot plant for early spring sales, Easter, Mother’s Day and fall sales.


Eucomis
Eucomis spp. hybrid Aloha Lily ‘Leia’ from Golden State Bulb Growers is commonly referred to as pineapple lily. Plants are floriferous and naturally compact with bright-green leaves covered with purple speckles. Flowers are brightly colored with the gentle fragrance of coconut oil. It has an exceptional indoor postharvest life and is almost “everlasting” in outdoor settings. It is well suited for small to large pots, landscape use and as a possible cut flower. Easy to grow, it also naturalizes well in USDA Hardiness Zones 8a–10. Plants are drought tolerant once established.


'Jungle Fire'Excoecaria
‘Jungle Fire’ from ForemostCo Inc. has striking glossy leaf color with cream/green on the upper side and deep purple on the underside. Plants have a strong spreading structure and tight growth habit. This moderately aggressive growing plant can be used in baskets, combination planters or as a garden annual. It is hardy to USDA Hardiness Zone 10.


Ficus
Deroose Plants is offering two new Ficus benjamina varieties. ‘Kinky’ has small, variegated leaves and ‘Green Kinky’ has small, deep-green leaves. Both of these varieties have dense and compact foliage with short internodes and are resistant to leaf dropping.


Gerbera
Kieft-Pro-Seeds introduced two new varieties.

White is the newest addition to the Revolution F1 series that delivers quick crop time on compact and uniform plants. It blooms on short stems with dark-green leaves. Good for 4½- to 5-inch programs.

The uniquely colored Mega Revolution Watermelon is early flowering and produces vigorous, bushy plants with extremely large flowers. It is an ideal choice for 6-inch and larger containers and as a garden plant.

Syngenta Flowers introduces two varieties.

Jaguar Fire Dark Center is a member of the earliest flowering series yielding faster turns and more efficient production. Because it is genetically compact, there is no need for growth regulators. The series is uniform in habit and flowering time allowing for bench runs.

Autumn Colors produces large, rich and vibrant-colored flowers. Ideal for 5-inch and larger containers.


Gloxinia
ForemostCo is offering two series.

The double-flowered Sonata series has a compact habit and is well-suited for 5- to 6-inch pots. Plants produce large flowers and small leaves. Colors include Red, White, Dark Purple and Pink. Plants finish in 10-12 weeks.

The double-flowered Vibrato series does best in 4- to 4½-inch pots. Colors include White, Purple and Pink.


'Humpty Dumpty'Guzmania
Oglesby Plants International has introduced two varieties.

‘Humpty Dumpty’ is a Guzmania conifera hybrid in a new form with a flame color of red with yellow tips. The inflorescence remains clean throughout the long flowering period, which really sets this variety apart. It is recommended for 6- to 8-inch containers.

‘Red Riding Hood’ is a whimsical, showy, red guzmania. Not only does it have a bright-red inflorescence, but it is also offers a unique, deep-red color through the base of the plant. It is recommended for 6- to 8-inch containers.

Corn Bak has introduced several new varieties.

‘Alto’ is a fast-growing plant suitable for 6-inch pots. It has a beautiful cone-shaped purple inflorescence with bright yellow tips on the bracts, which forms a nice contrast. ‘Eclipse’ is a fast and compact-growing plant with a short, purple, star-shaped inflorescence. ‘Freya’ has a pink star-shaped inflorescence and can be grown in 6-inch pots. ‘Rock’ is a fast-growing plant that can be grown in both 4- and 6-inch pots. It has a purple star-shaped inflorescence. Together with ‘Jazz’ and ‘Techno’, ‘Rock’ completes the color series.


Helianthus
H. annuus Miss Sunshine is a dwarf F1 sunflower from Pan--American Seed. This mildew-tolerant helianthus needs fewer plant growth regulators and flowers at a shorter height under short days. Plants produce 3- to 4-inch diameter pollen-free golden yellow “face-up” flowers. They produce long-lasting color with a fast flush of secondary flowers.


Juncus
Twisted Dart from PanAmerican Seed is a multi-species multi-pellet containing Juncus tenuis and Juncus effuses spiralis (curly juncus). The compact plants offer contrasting blue and green colors with straight and twisted habit. It is part of the Grasses of Fantastic Foliage series and can be used in mixed containers and baskets or as an indoor lifestyle plant.


Kalanchoe
Kalanchoe thyrsiflora ‘Fantastic’ from Hawaiian Sunshine Nursery is a new variegated version of the popular flapjack/paddle plant. It has all the positive traits of the non-variegated form with the addition of a rich, yellow variegation which accents a red blush on the leaves. This full-sun plant does best in a well-drained growing medium with a pH of 6 or higher. Best results are obtained with a high-nitrogen fertilizer. ‘Fantastic’ received the Favorite New Foliage Plant Award and Retailer’s Choice Award at the 2010 Tropical Plant Industry Exposition. It is available exclusively through ForemostCo.

Fides North America has added several new varieties to its Calandiva series. Plants are well-branched, produce double flowers and are very uniform.

Rio has large, true-orange flowers and an 11-week response time. Compact Birkin has large, clear-pink flowers with a 9.5-week response time. Cadillac Pink has huge pink flowers with a deep-pink center, medium-sized leaves, good keeping quality and 9.5-week response time. Compact Dabo produces large, pink bicolor flowers with a lighter margin. It has an excellent shelf life and a 9.5-week response time. Foster is compact with excellent branching. It produces large, hot-pink flowers and has an 11-week response time. Strong-branching Weaver has large, bright pink-purple bicolored flowers, smaller leaves, good branching and a response time of 11 weeks. Fiesta is a compact, true-red decorative with a 9-week response time. Casablanca is a true-white decorative. Lemon is a compact plant with green-white flowers, good branching, compact leaves and a 10.5-week response time. Compact Brazil has good branching, bright-yellow flowers and good keeping quality. Jamaica is strong branching with yellow–orange flowers and dark-green leaves.

Fides has also introduced medium-sized Swan, which produces large, single, true-white flowers. Response time is 9.5 weeks.


New Guinea Impatiens
Dummen’s Red Fox Magnum series features six colors (Lavender, Blue, Fire, Salmon, Peach and White Blush), all producing enormous flowers. The strong plants are early to flower and simple to grow. Foliage color ranges from light to dark green with Fire and Lavender having the lightest color.


Poinsettia
The Ecke Ranch has released three new varieties.

Tapestry has vibrant-green leaves with creamy-yellow margins to set off its dark-red bracts. Transitional bracts bring in a touch of red, creating a rich tapestry of colors. This mid-season (8.5 to 9 weeks) variety has medium vigor and upright branching.

Solstice Red is a late-season poinsettia designed to serve the market even better than Success Red. This late-season (9 to 9.5 weeks) variety has dark-green leaves and medium vigor.

Polar Bear is Ecke’s whitest white poinsettia and has dark-green leaves. The green undertones of the bracts create a much brighter white as contrasted to the creamier, yellow undertones of most other dark-leaf white poinsettias. This medium vigor variety finishes early in the season (8 weeks), but unlike other whites, features longer post-production durability. Ecke has partnered with Polar Bears International, a non-profit organization dedicated to polar bear conservation. For every Polar Bear cutting purchased, a donation is made to Polar Bears International.

Syngenta Flowers introduces two varieties. Ruby Frost has eye-catching tones of rose, pink and a contrasting white.
It is great for the early- to mid-season novelty market. The dark-green foliage features medium vigor and upright branching. It fits well with all container sizes, from minis to pots to trees. Mira Red is an early-season variety that finishes well under a range of conditions. The large, clean bracts contrast nicely against the dark-green foliage and pairs well with Mira White poinsettias. It has the same excellent root system of the Mira series.

Vintage from Selecta displays oak-shaped, dark-red bracts over dark-green foliage. It is a sturdy, well-branched plant with medium vigor that fills smaller pots and baskets nicely. It finishes in time to start the peak-season.


Primula
Sakata Ornamentals introduces ‘Danova Pink Improved’ with large, showy 3-inch-diameter flowers. The pink flowers have a bright-yellow eye. The series has high germination, excellent seedling vigor and extreme uniformity in habit, flower size and blooming.


'Mundo'Tillandsia
‘Mora’ from Corn Bak is new for 4-inch pot production. It has a purple panicle-shaped inflorescence.


Vinca
The Catharanthus x hybrida Tutu series from PlantHaven includes Angel, Pink and Purple. All three varieties produce unique ruffled flowers and dark-green leaves. The vegetatively-propagated compact plants are well branched, reaching a height of 8 inches and spread of 10 inches. Angel has flowers with soft, shell-pink tones. Pink produces sterile flowers in pink tones. Purple has sterile flowers in purple tones.


Vriesea
‘Mundo’ from Corn Bak is suitable for a 4-inch production. It has a dark-purple, single inflorescence and beautiful foliage. It makes a good mix with Vriesea ‘Solo’.

Lily Florist Datangkan Bunga Impor

In order to maintain the quality of flowers to look like the original, the owner of this florist in Pangkalpinang segansegan not importing flowers from out of town until overseas. Lily Florist provides fresh flowers imported directly from Sukabumi.

Lily Florist Datangkan Bunga Impor

"For this fresh flowers can last a week, because this bungabunga placed in special air-conditioned room that is not easily wither and remain fresh," said Alif Suripman, Owner of Lily Florist.
Meanwhile, artificial flowers such as orchid species, Cebidium, Lavender, Rose, Lily, Callalily, Anthurium, Tulip, Tuberose, Amaralis and so on are imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan, so the quality rather than interest is secured nice and interesting as the original color.
"Although these plastic flowers, but it looks like the flower of life because it's color and flower design exactly like the original," he said.
Novi which is assisted by two employees told the State prefer China and Taiwan for artificial flowers, while flowers immediately imported directly from flower plantations in Java. "As it happens in China and Taiwan have close relatives, so it can be imported here. Bungabunganya good quality flowers resemble the original, "said Novi, Novi Florist owners. (May)

Dutch Office Plant Of The Year 2010: The Anthurium

Better known as the Flamingo plant because of its characteristic foliage and flowers, the Anthurium is the ideal office plant it turns out. It helps cleanse the air, requires little care and comes in a variety of attractive colors. No wonder then, that the jury concluded it to be the ideal office plant of the year 2010.

Dutch Office Plant Of The Year 2010: The Anthurium


The Dutch office plant competition was conceived in a friendly spirit. Nonetheless it features a professional jury made up of scientists and plant experts from Fytagoras Plant Science, the National Health Institute NIGZ and members of the Dutch Association of Executive Secretaries (NVD). The message being that plants in the office are a must, and have real and tangible benefits for the workers there. A fact that has been repeatedly documented by now, but hasn’t reached everybody just yet.

TNO, a large independent Dutch research organization of which Fytagoras Plant Science is a subsidiary, has done extensive investigations of office areas around the country. One of the outcomes of that research is the finding that people who work with the computer for more than four hours a day, are more productive when they are in the presence of plants. Moreover, they feel more comfortable as well. Based on the study, TNO advised employers to place at least two plants per 12 square meters of office space.

Cara Menanam Pohon Jabon jati Thailand teak

Cara Menanam Pohon Jabon jati Thailand teak ,Winter Flowering Types of Eucalyptus Species / species of flowering Month Name Region / General E. April-July deglupta Leda E. platyphylla Hue from July to November E. October Ampupu E. alba saligna Sydney blue from September to December E. grandis Hooded gum from January to August E. umbellata Forest red gum from August to October Gmelina (Gmelina arborea), which includes family Verbenaceae Plant is also called yemane, Gmelina, gamari, and white teak. It is also called white teak because durability is almost like teak. Gmelina is a native plant of India, its spread include the state of Pakistan, Cambodia,
Thailand, Sri Lanka and southern China. Gmelina trees can grow well at an altitude of 90-900 m above sea level. In special circumstances such as in the lowlands of Sri Lanka to grow at an altitude of 1500 m above sea level. Desired annual rainfall ranges from 760-4500 mm. Shape rounded tree, straight and not buttress. Tree reaches a height of 30 m with a diameter of 100 cm and free trunked branch 15 m. Feature resemble cone or irregular with many branches. Recycling plant for producing pulp 8 years and 15 years of non-pulp. Gmelina to bear fruit after the age of 4 years, ie once a year between the months of April to July. To manufacture the seeds should be picked from a healthy mother and have been aged 7 years or more. Jabon (Anthocepalus cadamba) In Indonesia Jabon known as kelempayan. This plant is found in Java, Sumantera, Kalimantan, Sumbawa and Irian Jaya. Plants that included family Rubiaceae plant grows well at altitude 0-1000 m above sea level, on clay soils, podzolic brown, and alluvial humid which is generally found along the river that beraerasi good. Jabon is a type of tree light (light-demanders) are fast growing. At the age of 3 years to reach 9 m high with a diameter of 11 cm. In the wild, tree Jabon been found to reach a height of 45 m with a diameter of more than 100 cm. Canopy shape like an umbrella with the circular system of ramification. The leaves are not dense. Trunk straight cylindrical and not buttress. Wood is creamy white to reddish brown, easily processed, soft and lightweight. Jabon bear fruit once a year.

Berbungannya season in the January-June and fruits mature in July-August with the amount of compound per kg of fruit 33. Teak (Tectona grandis) Teak and Gmelina derived from the same family Verbenaceae. Regional spread of tropical plants include India, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam. In Indonesia, this plant is often found in Java, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, West Nusa Tenggara (Sumbawa), Maluku, and Lampung. Teak can grow well in soil that contains lime nest. In addition, this plant also grows in areas that have a real dry season (3-5 months dry), average rainfall 1250 -2500 mm / yr with a height of less than 700 m above sea level. Tree height can reach 45 m with a length of branch-free stems 15-20 m and diameter reached 220 cm. Rod shape is generally round and straight, rather thin bark and grooved. Teak trees flowering in the month from October to June and fruits mature in July-December. In each kg of dry seed contains 1500 grains or 416 grains per liter. Jelutong (Dyera costulata) is the trade name Dyera costulata Pulai jelutung or rice. Plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae, in Indonesia the endemic area includes the islands of Sumatra and Bengkulu and Lampung except South Kalimantan. Reaching 25-45 m tall trees with thin canopy and single leaf in the circle on the twigs of 4-8 strands. The length of branch-free trunk diameter of 15-30 m and can reach 100 cm. Cylindrical stem and outer skin gray kehitama. Trees do not buttress and issued a white sap like condensed milk. Johar (Cassia seamea) In the classification Johar (Cassia seamea) including Caesalpinacea family. This plant is a tropical plant that originated in India, Indochina and Southeast Asia. Tree height of 10-15 m with a diameter between 40-50 cm. In Java johar grow well at altitude 1-1000 m above sea level with annual rainfall of 650-1500 m above sea level. Suitable soil type is argillaceous soil, was not flooded, the water and does not contain stones.





Bibit Jabon, Jati Emas High Seed Quality

Bibit Jabon, Jati Emas High Seed Quality
Bibit Jabon, Jati Emas High Seed Quality ,Which is more profitable, jabon, sengon, or teak?

Should have reversed his perspective from the side of nature, for which we were planting trees, and location of land to determine its success. So should the question is:

I have land suitable for planting what?
What I think is best suited for my type of plant is this (eg jabon, or sengon or teak), so the land as if the match?


In general the picture is as follows:

All three require soil had good drainage, not frequently flooded.

Rooting of teak and has the ability to break down a layer sengon critical land / Rock. Sengon included in Leguminosae / pod - berbintil leguminous roots that have the ability Nitrate & Nitrite fixation of nitrogen in the air into the soil. Teak with fall leaves every kemaraunya, strengthen the soil humus layer where planted. Both have a fairly high tolerance to drought.

Jabon only will grow rapidly in the land berkedalaman solumn 5 meters above ground. Roots require loose soil / soil fertile. If planted on degraded land / berkedalaman solumn shallow soil, the growth will be relatively dwarf and branching - branches (usually on fertile land will be self-pruning / branch ramifications whole itself).

All three are similar, if planted too close, will have problems with pests and diseases. Not fair if we say sengon troubled with tumor rust if praktekknya sengon planted in the field is 1.5 x 1.5 meters, while jabon praise - praise its growth, but the distance between plants is required 4 x 3 meters.

The ideal planting distance is 4 x 3 meters, but for sengon, 3 x 3 meters patterned like oil will also good.

If the land is always moist, the three diseased cartilage, but the disease because of the humidity rentanan continuous sequence is: identity, sengon, jabon. So the most vulnerable to damp lingkunagn is teak. Because of that identity is not recommended at a height of land planted more than 650 meters above sea level.